Do you know the truth about these three hedge fund myths?

Hedge funds are risky

Hedging was specifically developed as a tool to manage portfolio risk, however, over time, and in light of stories in the media about some spectacular fund failures, hedge funds have gained a negative reputation for engaging in risky behaviour.

Hedge fund strategies vary enormously, and different strategies have different risks associated with them. As mentioned in part one, leverage, which is generally employed by funds in the hope of amplifying returns, also has the associated risk of potentially magnifying losses. However, the level of leverage employed varies a lot, and it tends to be less volatile strategies that have more modest returns (e.g. fixed income arbitrage, market neutral strategies etc.) that employ the largest amount of leverage.

In reality, most hedge funds are conservatively run and actively seek to avoid losses. Using volatility (measured by annualised standard deviation) as an indicator of risk, we can see below in Figure 1, that when compared to long-only equity portfolios, hedge funds have considerably lower risk.

FIGURE 1: ANNUALISED STANDARD DEVIATION (JAN 2013 – JUN 2022)

Source: Aurum Hedge Fund Data Engine/Bloomberg

Hedge funds are illiquid

Hedge fund subscription and redemption terms are, in general, less liquid than long-only funds. Different hedge funds, with different underlying investments, offer investors a broad range of liquidity profiles. Hedge fund liquidity can range from daily, to monthly, quarterly, annually or beyond. However, it is important to note that hedge funds are, typically, more liquid than other alternative assets such as private equity, property and infrastructure.

The liquidity terms offered to investors in a hedge fund generally determine the breadth of investment opportunities a fund can participate in. A fund with daily liquidity has a much more restricted investment universe than a fund with longer redemption terms.

Many hedge funds invest in the most liquid underlying asset classes, e.g. equities, government bonds etc. Despite this, many funds still have medium or long-term liquidity profiles. This is sometimes to take account of the complexity of hedge fund portfolios, the many underlying investments, and the time it takes to unwind multiple trades. Some hedge funds utilise lock-up periods so that concentrated positions can be unwound over time, without an adverse impact on the price of a holding. But lock-up periods can also be employed by hedge fund managers as a way to retain capital, where the liquidity terms of the fund are more stringent than the underlying portfolio necessitates.

Hedge funds that invest in the most illiquid underlying assets, for example distressed debt, tend to be structured with a private equity type fund structure, rather than as a hedge funds.

So whilst hedge funds do not have the liquidity profile of mutual funds, most offer investors regular liquidity that is consistent with the nature of the assets traded within the fund and to facilitate orderly management of the fund.

Hedge funds are just for wealthy investors seeking higher risk and returns

Whilst the perceived image of hedge fund investors may be high net worth individuals looking to generate high returns, the reality is that the majority of hedge fund investors tend to be large, institutional, low-risk investors. Many of these are investing on behalf of their underlying beneficiaries, such as pension funds. Institutional investors, such as pension funds, endowments or insurance companies amongst others, with conservative risk management frameworks make up 97% of hedge fund investors (Source: Preqin Hedge Fund Investor Profiles, see Figure 2 below).

Despite the perception that hedge funds are the preserve of the super-rich, most people will probably have some exposure through a holding in their pension which they may not be aware of.

FIGURE 2: HEDGE FUND INVESTORS

Source: Preqin Hedge Fund Investor Profiles 2020

Hedge funds might once have been publicity shy and rather complex, and some of them still are, with myths about the asset class arising as a result. However, hedge funds have the potential to benefit investors by diversifying portfolios and thus mitigating the risks typically associated with traditional investments. In the next in our hedge fund basics series, we will look at different hedge fund strategies, and why not all hedge funds may offer the diversification and portfolio protection investors are seeking.